2011 Nissan 370Z Roadster

By starting design of the 2011 Nissan 370Z Roadster
When lowered, it tucks away under a body-coloured hard tonneau cover which also helps to reduce wind turbulence at speed, allowing occupants of the ‘double cockpit’ to enjoy fully the sounds and sensations of open air performance motoring.
Other design cues already seen on the Nissan 370Z Coupe have transferred to the Roadster. They include the distinctive boomerang LED rear and arrowhead front lights, while familiar ‘Z’ features such as the vertical door handles, twin tail pipes and ‘Z’ badges in the side repeaters are also present.
Inside the Nissan 370Z Roadster, the driver-focused cabin also boasts many features now synonymous with the Z, such as an engine Push Start button, floor hinged throttle pedal, centrally placed tachometer and three separate hooded dials – now including an oil temperature gauge – sitting centrally on the top of the dashboard and angled towards the driver.

The Nissan 370Z Roadster’s roof is fully automatic with no requirement to latch it manually into place. The roof can be lowered at walking speeds and can also be operated from outside the car, by pressing and holding the door-locking button for three seconds. It takes just 20 seconds for the roof to be raised and locked into place or lowered out of sight beneath its tonneau.
The fabric hood has been given a smooth inner lining covering the frame and reducing noise levels, while the system uses a new hydraulic pump that’s silent in operation in place of the electric motor used previously.
“At launch, both the Coupé and Roadster were highly acclaimed for their combination of excitement and style. The subtle suspension changes developed specially to meet European demands and tastes – not to mention the enhanced equipment levels – make the 2011 370Z more desirable than ever,” said Thomas.
at the same time as work began on the Coupé, Nissan designers have been able to ensure the soft-top version has a sophisticated silhouette with better, more natural, integration of the hood into the overall design.
The distinctive result echoes the ‘Z character’ with a blend of sweeping curves and aggressively short overhangs while the shape of the roof itself flows more naturally into the rear of the car when the roof is in place.

chevrolet spark

The new Chevrolet Spark is built to serve the burgeoning mini car segment, the fastest growing area of the new car market across the entire world, it is a newcomer that has been designed to appeal to car buyers in every inhabited continent across the globe, from India to Africa, Australia to the USA.

But it's in Europe where Chevrolet Spark will find its true identity. On sale in all major European markets, including the UK, from the first quarter of 2010, it exceeds all expectations of what a buyer might expect from a small car - be it as an urban motorist, or one who simply doesn't need a larger car.

From the outset, Chevrolet Spark was engineered and designed to meet exacting standards. The bodyshell is exceptionally stiff, with no external panel gaps greater than 3mm, and the fit and finish of the interior is designed to match, if not beat that of cars in a class or two above.
Yet despite the quality, Chevrolet Spark is also designed to be edgy, vibrant and fresh, as well as to offer exceptional levels of space and practicality. There aren't many cars with such a small footprint that can offer the benefits of five doors, five seats and a usable luggage area, for example.
"We've styled and engineered the Chevrolet Spark so that it can compete anywhere in the world where there's a demand for mini cars and the benefits they bring," said Jack Keaton, vehicle line executive for the new model. "The Chevrolet Spark is, first and foremost, a car that offers great economy and manoeuvrability, yet it is also quite sophisticated. We think it will turn heads with an aggressively stylish design and we think it's going to make a lot of drivers happy with its dynamic ride and handling abilities."
Keaton said that while the Chevrolet Spark is certainly affordable, it was not developed to be either the most or least expensive offering in its category.
"We developed the Chevrolet Spark with the idea that buyers would feel they got a lot of vehicle for their currency," he said. "From a complete package perspective, we think the Spark will be among, if not the best five-door car in its segment. It offers high quality craftsmanship, is well-equipped with safety technologies and, most importantly, is fun to drive."
Much of the Chevrolet Spark's character comes from its styling.
"From the beginning, we wanted to have a revolution in size and design," explained Taewan Kim, vice president of GM DAT Design. "We wanted to take a big step forward to deliver a completely new statement, especially in the design of the car.
"We wanted it to look ready to pounce, it needed to look great from 360 degrees and it needed to generate excitement."
The exterior of the Chevrolet Spark features a 'wheels-out; body in' stance, its single arc roofline accentuated by strong, clean body sides free of cladding. The appearance is sleek; slightly aggressive, and unmistakably more upmarket than a number of mini car rivals, which tend to favour a more 'cute' approach.
This precision and attention to styling detail is not only reserved for the car's exterior - unlike some models in the segment, where interior design is clearly functional, the Chevrolet Spark manages to add a youthful, vigorous appeal to the inside of the car that is equal to the look of the exterior.
While maintaining exemplary levels of craftsmanship, the Chevrolet Spark's cabin is an iconic piece of design in itself. It maintains all of the class attributes - comfort, spaciousness and easy-to-use controls, yet delivers them in a style that is unique to the sector.
The focal point of the cabin is the motorcycle-style instrument 'pod', which sits on top of the steering column and delivers all of the essential information in a compact yet easy-to-read manner. The analogue speedometer is backed up by a digital tachometer, just like on a sports bike, backlit by upmarket ice blue lighting when the headlights are turned on. It's truly unique to the sector, and clearly illustrates the Chevrolet Spark's intention to put the fun back into function.
As well as its edgy styling, Chevrolet Spark also has advanced dynamics. It has taut, responsive handling characteristics, at the heart of which is a very stiff integral body frame structure, designed to aid the car's dynamic performance and provide the driver with a heightened sense of stability, solidity and confident road command.
The suspension follows a traditional yet effective layout - MacPherson struts at the front and a compound crank (torsion beam) axle at the rear, a combination that allows for neutral, predictable handling characteristics. It is both nippy and nimble round town, yet surefooted at higher speeds.
Depending on market and trim level, Chevrolet Spark is also available with a system known as VSES, standing for Vehicle Stability Enhancement System. This provides outstanding safety and control benefits, with electronic brake and traction control capabilities to provide precise anti-lock braking capabilities, as well as exceptional yaw stability.
Of course, even the most able driver in the most dynamically competent car can sometimes find his or herself in a situation where a collision is inevitable, so with this in mind the Chevrolet Spark was designed with high levels of passive safety inbuilt from the outset, enough to earn it a creditable four-star Euro NCAP crash test rating.
Almost 60 per cent of the car's structure consists of advanced steels, with varying levels of stiffness and built-in crush zones to absorb crash impacts. The front engine bay rails and subframe are designed to absorb energy while maintain the highest loads possible as they collapse, while a transition zone around the base of the A-pillars and front bulkhead effectively distributes crash energy around rather than into the passenger compartment.
A similar crush zone exists at the rear, with the fuel tank and its connections designed in a way to minimise the chance of ruptures. Additional rear impact loads are absorbed by a strong rear cross member, as GM's internal rear crash measurement standards are greater than industry required standards.
High levels of occupant protection are further enhanced by twin front airbags, side curtain airbags and additional seat mounted thorax and abdomen airbags, seatbelt pretensioners and a pedal retraction system, which pulls the pedal box away from the car's occupants in the event of a frontal collision, reducing the risk of lower leg injury.
Two engines are on offer at launch - both petrol units with displacements of 1.0 and 1.2-litres.
Both units are closely related and use a cast iron block and alloy head, with a double overhead camshaft and four valves per cylinder. They feature multi-port fuel injection and are both Euro V emissions compliant.
The two engines use advanced features such as port de-activation technology to improve exhaust gas recirculation, leading to optimal fuel efficiency and idle stability, along with a timing chain to ensure a lifetime of low maintenance and running costs.
Practicality is a big plus, too. It may not be very big on the outside, but the Chevrolet Spark's clever design means it is able to make the most out of its available space.
Front seat passengers enjoy up to 1067mm of available legroom (893mm in the rear), while shoulder space of 1295mm (1255mm rear) and headroom of 1010mm (947mm) are also rated among the very best in the segment, proving that even when a car is small, it doesn't need to be cramped.
With five doors and five available seats, the Chevrolet Spark is one of the most space-efficient cars in the mini segment.

Much of the interior space is down to the car's clever design - details such as the steering column-mounted instrument pod and longer than average wheelbase allowed the designers to reduce cabin intrusion, allowing for as much space between the axles as possible.
On top of this, the cabin was planned to accommodate as much supplementary storage space as possible. The centre console, for example, incorporates a bin for carrying smaller items such as a mobile phone, MP3 player or packet of chewing gum, while there's also a double cup/drinks holder ahead of the gear shifter.
All of this in such a compact package: at only 3640mm long and 1597mm wide, it will easily squeeze into tight city spaces, yet thanks to its short overhangs and clever cabin design the compact dimensions come without compromise.

While we can't promise that the Chevrolet Spark will put an end to the stresses of commuting, we do believe it will make urban life much easier to tolerate - as the Chevrolet Spark's packaging, driveability, classless looks and easy-to-manoeuvre nature make it a multi-faceted car that will fit in with even the most frantic of lifestyles.
Chevrolet Spark is a car with immense character, a fresh youthful design, a classless image, great practicality and low cost of ownership; in short, everything an urban motorist needs, and a lot more besides.
Design
For years, car designers believed that the key to making a car appeal in the mini segment was to make it cute and cuddly.
But Chevrolet doesn't do cute and cuddly. It's out of keeping with almost a century of iconic vehicle design, where every Chevrolet has had to deliver a new level of edginess, character and a bold identity.
As a result, the Chevrolet Spark has a purposeful stance. It isn't cute, but it sure is handsome, its angular, self-confident profile giving it the proportions of a larger vehicle, and making it appear self-confident among a sea of meeker looking city cars.
Chevrolet Spark was also designed with global appeal in mind. Chevrolet has always been a brand with a large footprint across the world, but its growth in Europe makes that now, more than ever, relevant.
It originated from the GM DAT design centre in Korea, with influences from all of the key markets in which Chevrolet is a major player. It's goal? To redefine what was expected in the mini car segment. To break the rules, defy convention and deliver something that offered great style and value for money, but without compromise.
"From the beginning, we wanted to have a revolution in size and design," explains Taewan Kim, vice president of GM DAT Design. "We wanted to take a big step forward to deliver a completely new statement, especially in the design of the car.
"We wanted it to look ready to pounce, it needed to look great from 360 degrees and it needed to generate excitement."
The exterior of the Chevrolet Spark features a 'wheels-out; body in' stance, its single arc roofline accentuated by strong, clean body sides free of cladding. The appearance is sleek; slightly aggressive, and unmistakably more upmarket than a number of mini car rivals.
The headlamps are sculptured elliptically into the body, stretching from the front grille right back to the A-pillar, with clear polycarbonate lenses and chrome coated headlamp bezels to emphasise the frontal styling.
From the side, the rear door handles are hidden away alongside the C-pillar, answering the conundrum faced by many a designer - is a sporty three-door better than a practical five-door? Chevrolet Spark delivers the appeal of both.
What's more, the sharp looks are enhanced by a level of fit and finish that's second to none. Every single panel gap is laser straight, and engineered to be below 3.0mm or less across the car.
This precision and attention to styling detail is not only reserved for the car's exterior - unlike some models in the segment, where interior design is clearly functional, the Chevrolet Spark manages to add a youthful, vigorous appeal to the inside of the car that is equal to the look of the exterior.
While maintaining exemplary levels of craftsmanship, the Chevrolet Spark's cabin is an iconic piece of design in itself. It maintains all of the class attributes - comfort, spaciousness and easy-to-use controls, yet delivers them in a style that is unique to the sector.
The focal point of the cabin is the motorcycle-style instrument 'pod', which sits on top of the steering column and delivers all of the essential information in a compact yet easy-to-read manner. The analogue speedometer is backed up by a digital tachometer, just like on a sports bike, backlit by upmarket ice blue lighting when the headlights are turned on. It's truly unique to the sector, and clearly illustrates the Chevrolet Spark's intention to put the fun back into function.
Another smart feature is the Chevrolet Spark's Integrated Centre Stack, which incorporates all of the radio, sat nav (where fitted) and heating, ventilation and air conditioning controls in one central location, leaving the fascia clean and uncluttered and putting all of the major switches in one central location that is simple and intuitive to use. The heating and ventilation controls feature a crystalline surround, which lights up in ice blue to match the instrument panel when driving at night.
A neat appliqué around the instrument panel adds even more attention to detail - finished in high grade technical grain on base models, piano black on mid-range or a choice of silver, red or blue surrounds on top models is matched by inserts in the doors, while colour-coded seat fabrics are also available.
Market and Brand
With the environment and the economy at front of mind for many motorists, the 21st century has seen a huge swing in consumer behaviour, away from excess and towards a more frugal, prudent approach to spending.
The Chevrolet Spark is the perfect antidote to such conservatism. It may be frugal. It may be financially prudent. But at the same time it shows how motorists can manage their responsibilities yet at the same time still have fun. No longer do people buy small or inexpensive cars because it's all they can afford - they buy them because that's exactly what they want. Chevrolet Spark is a car designed to appeal to the heart just as much as it is to the head.
Building on the strengths of the iconic Chevrolet brand - a name that for years has represented, perhaps more than any, the joy and freedom of motoring by virtue of the fact it has appeared in popular music more often than any other car brand - the Chevrolet Spark is a modern world interpretation of those very values.
Styled and developed by a young and dynamic team across the world, the Chevrolet Spark truly is a global car. It is based on GM's Global Mini Car Architecture, which will be on sale in more than 100 countries worldwide between now and 2013. The Chevrolet Spark itself will be sold across Europe, Australia, Korea and even the USA, reflecting the significant changes in consumer trends, even in countries where small cars have previously never made much of an impact in the market.
In Europe, of course, that impact has already been immense. In Italy, Chevrolet's strongest market in Western Europe, over 50 per cent of cars sold are in the A and B (mini and supermini) segments of the market, while in France and the UK the two segments account for over 30 per cent of sales.
Chevrolet Spark is a car that cunningly bridges the gap between a city car and a fully-fledged supermini. It has five-doors and five seats, with leg and headroom among the best in class, yet at the same time is as compact and easy to manoeuvre as the smallest city cars.
Its striking, modern design works harmoniously with its practicality to offer a compromise-free car for urban motorists, with the convenience of a much larger vehicle, youthful, vibrant appeal and a level of classlessness that only a legendary name like Chevrolet can evoke. It may be small and inexpensive, but the Chevrolet Spark is not a car you buy because it's cheap. It works on so many more levels than that.
It also needed to be fun-to-drive, safe, well-equipped, beautifully made and refined - not normally words associated with city cars, but all of which are applicable to Chevrolet Spark.
Built in South Korea initially (although production in India and the USA will follow), the Chevrolet Spark is set to go on sale in all key European markets in the first quarter of 2010.
Powertrain
Across Europe, two engines will be offered in the Chevrolet Spark - both petrol units with displacements of 1.0 and 1.2-litres.
Both units are closely related and use a cast iron block and alloy head, with a double overhead camshaft and four valves per cylinder. They feature multi-port fuel injection and are both Euro V emissions compliant.
The two engines use advanced features such as port de-activation technology to improve exhaust gas recirculation, leading to optimal fuel efficiency and idle stability, along with a timing chain to ensure a lifetime of low maintenance and running costs.
The smaller of the two units is of 995cc displacement and produces 68PS (50Kw) at 6,400rpm, enough to power the car from 0-62mph in 15.5 seconds, and on to a top speed of 96mph. The unit produces 93Nm of torque at 4,800rpm, with a compression ratio of 9.8:1
Available in Chevrolet Spark, Spark + and LS, the unit returns 55.4mpg on the combined cycle, with a CO2; output of 119g/km.
The larger unit displaces 1206cc and produces 81PS (60Kw), with maximum torque of 111Nm at 4,800rpm. It accelerates from 0-62mph in 12.1 seconds and on to a top speed of 102mph.
Available in Chevrolet Spark LS and LT, the unit also returns 55.4mpg on the combined cycle, with a CO2; output of 119g/km.
Both engines come with a five-speed manual gearbox.
Comfort and Convenience
It may not be very big on the outside, but the Chevrolet Spark's clever design means it is able to make the most out of its available space.
Front seat passengers enjoy up to 1067mm of available legroom (893mm in the rear), while shoulder space of 1288mm (1263mm rear) and headroom of 1009mm (952mm) are also rated among the very best in the segment, proving that even when a car is small, it doesn't need to be cramped.
With five doors and five available seats, the Chevrolet Spark is one of the most space-efficient cars in the mini segment.
Much of the interior space is down to the car's clever design - details such as the steering column-mounted instrument pod and longer than average wheelbase allowed the designers to reduce cabin intrusion, allowing for as much space between the axles as possible.
On top of this, the cabin was planned to accommodate as much supplementary storage space as possible. The centre console, for example, incorporates a bin for carrying smaller items such as a mobile phone, MP3 player or packet of chewing gum, while there's also a double cup/drinks holder ahead of the gear shifter.
There's a generously sized glove box, seat back pockets designed to accommodate books, road atlases or laptop computers, door bin pockets on both sides with storage for a standard sized 500ml drinks bottle and neat convenience features such as an auxiliary power socket in the lower instrument panel, overhead assist grips on the front passenger and rear doors and padded sun visors, with a ticket holder on the driver's side.
Luggage space is 170-litres with the rear seat in place. The rear seat base and back both split 60:40 to fold flat increasing the luggage space to 568 litres.
The cabin is also one of the most refined and well-finished in the segment. Ergonomically designed, the seats are designed to be harder wearing and longer lasting than the class average, with strong knit fabric on entry-level cars and woven fabric on upper models.
Cabin engineers paid particular attention to longevity, increasing the ratio of stitches-per-inch to ensure all sew lines and seat surfaces remained tight and free from premature sagging or a stretched-seam appearance over time.
The firm 'Durometer' foam in the seats is highly bolstered and of a construction that evenly distributes the passenger's weight for high comfort on both long and short journeys.
An indication of the attention to detail that went into Chevrolet Spark's overall design comes from the testing carried out on the seats prior to launch - prototypes were tested in various seasons and climates across various road surfaces to optimise comfort, including side-by-side comparisons with key rivals.
Add to that the use of only high grade plastics in the interior and computer-controlled interior panel alignment ensuring no inside gap bigger than 5mm between door shuts and it's clear to see that the high levels of build quality seen on the Chevrolet Spark are of a level normally only found on bigger, more expensive cars.
Of course, comfort and refinement don't just come down to fit and finish or the use of high quality materials - one of the keys to delivering class leading refinement is to reduce noise, vibration and harshness levels (NVH) inside the cabin through effective damping and noise suppression.
With its tight and stiff body structure and carefully optimised damper and spring rates, Chevrolet Spark delivers a ride comfort and noise level that's easily among the best in class, making it remarkably refined for a mini car.
Much of that is down to its complex four-mount engine cradle (with a hydraulic mount on RHD cars) which is tailored to the engine's inherent torque axis, effectively damping transfer of vibration and noise in the process.
Enhanced chassis-to-body structure interface points are designed to ensure high levels of stiffness, further retarding low-frequency noise intrusion into the car's cabin, isolating much of the noise and vibration caused by road surfaces.
Dynamics and safety
Whether it's within the confines of the city limits or out on the open road, a good looking car has to be as impressive to drive as it is to look at.
That's why the engineering team behind the Chevrolet Spark focused on a number of key factors that would enable it to deliver the absolute best in terms of dynamic performance and safety.
Chevrolet Spark has a number of key passive safety features, detailed below, that are often reserved for more expensive, larger cars - but it's the car's dynamic performance that is the driver's first line of defence in any emergency situation.
As such, the Chevrolet Spark has taut, responsive handling characteristics, at the heart of which is a very stiff integral body frame structure, designed to aid the car's dynamic performance and provide the driver with a heightened sense of stability, solidity and confident road command.
The suspension follows a traditional yet effective layout - MacPherson struts at the front and a compound crank (torsion beam) axle at the rear, a combination that allows for neutral, predictable handling characteristics. It is both nippy and nimble round town, yet surefooted at higher speeds.
Chevrolet Spark is also available with a system known as ESC, standing for Electronic Stability Control. This provides outstanding safety and control benefits, with electronic brake and traction control capabilities to provide precise anti-lock braking capabilities, as well as exceptional yaw stability.
Vented front disc brakes of 236mm in diameter are fitted at the front with 200mm drums at the rear, while a four-channel ABS system is fitted to Sparks in all European markets, along with an electronic brake assist system, which automatically applies more power to the brake callipers when an urgent stop/foot pedal motion is detected.
Round town manoeuvrability and nimbleness is enhanced by the Chevrolet Spark's efficient hydraulic rack-and-pinion steering, which is geared to give a minimum turning radius of only 5 metres, with just over three turns lock to lock - it's quick ratio making city driving more of a pleasure than a chore.
Of course, even the most able driver in the most dynamically competent car can sometimes find his or herself in a situation where a collision is inevitable, so with this in mind the Chevrolet Spark was designed with high levels of passive safety inbuilt from the outset.
Almost 60 per cent of the car's structure consists of advanced steels, with varying levels of stiffness and built-in crush zones to absorb crash impacts. The front engine bay rails and subframe are designed to absorb energy while maintain the highest loads possible as they collapse, while a transition zone around the base of the A-pillars and front bulkhead effectively distributes crash energy around rather than into the passenger compartment.
A similar crush zone exists at the rear, with the fuel tank and its connections designed in a way to minimise the chance of ruptures. Additional rear impact loads are absorbed by a strong rear cross member, as GM's internal rear crash measurement standards are greater than industry required standards.
High levels of occupant protection are further enhanced by twin front airbags, side curtain airbags and additional seat mounted thorax and abdomen airbags, seatbelt pretensioners and a pedal retraction system, which pulls the pedal box away from the car's occupants in the event of a frontal collision, reducing the risk of lower leg injury.
Other safety features include three-point seatbelts for all five seating positions, ISOFIX rear child seat fixings and an inbuilt pedestrian protection system, designed to protect a victim's head from hitting hard points of the car's body or engine block in the event of a collision.
The Chevrolet Spark recently attained a four-star Euro NCAP rating, putting it among the best in class for small cars.
It received 69 out of a possible 100 points, coming within a single point of a maximum five-star rating.
"The outstanding performance of our new mini-car in stringent Euro NCAP testing reflects our attention to safety as well as eye-catching styling and great packaging," said Wayne Brannon, President and Managing Director of Chevrolet Europe. "The Chevrolet Spark meets the high expectations of mini-car buyers in Europe's mature markets."
In Adult Protection, the Chevrolet Spark recorded the maximum score of 8 points in the side impact crash test against a moving deformable barrier. It also received a high score of 7.35 points out of 8 points in the side pole test, indicating solid passenger protection in the event of a more severe side collision.
In Child Protection, the Chevrolet Spark also scored maximum points in Child Restraint System dynamic performance tests, which evaluate child protection from possible injuries in various types of crashes. Crash test dummies representing 18-month old and 3-year-old children were properly contained in their restraints by the Chevrolet Spark's protective shell during side impact tests.
These achievements are the result of the Chevrolet Spark's structural enhancements combined with a full offering of active and passive safety features. More than 66 per cent of the car's body is constructed of high-strength steel, with 16.5 per cent comprised of ultra-high-strength steel. The latter is mostly used in the longitudinal member of the underbody, and front and center pillars in the side body structure. This contributed to its strong performance in side crash tests.
Value and running costs
The coolest new mini car in town is set to offer value for money and running costs that are as enticing as its vibrant good looks!
Set to arrive in Chevrolet retailers in Spring 2010, the all-new Chevrolet Spark will be available from only £6,945 on-the-road, with a choice of two engines.
The entry-level Chevrolet Spark will be offered with a 1.0-litre engine developing 68PS, coupled to a five-speed manual gearbox. Despite being the smallest car in the Chevrolet line-up, it comes with six airbags as standard, proving that even the most compact cars can offer class-leading safety. The model recently achieved an excellent four-star Euro NCAP crash test rating, with a maximum five stars for child protection.
Models in Chevrolet Spark + trim, also available with the 1.0-litre engine, come with air conditioning, electric front windows and central locking, along with a USB compatible four-speaker stereo.
The LS, which is expected to be the most popular trim level, comes with a choice of the 1.0-litre or an 81PS 1.2-litre engine, and adds remote central locking, silver trim detailing, a sunglasses holder, 14-inch wheels, body-coloured door handles and mirrors, a chrome-effect grille surround, front fog lamps and a body-coloured rear spoiler.
For £500 more than the 1.2 LS, customers can add a plus pack - the LS+ gets smart alloy wheels, electric windows front and rear, a trip computer, heated electric door mirrors, roof bars and steering wheel audio controls.
The range-topping LT, which comes with the 1.2-litre engine only, comes with a level of equipment you'd normally expect of a much larger and more expensive car, including 15-inch alloys, climate control, interior detailing to match the exterior (depending on colour), an exterior body kit and a six-speaker stereo.
Options across the range include metallic paint, rear parking sensors and electronic stability control.
What's more, the Chevrolet Spark will be cheap to run - as well as economy of up to 67.3mpg on the extra-urban cycle, it qualifies for incredibly low insurance. Under the new 50 Group rating system, the Chevrolet Spark 1.0 is in Group 1, the lowest possible band. The full list of insurance groupings is below.

Vauxhall Astra, 2010

Vauxhall Astra, 2010

 

 

 Launched at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show, the all-new Vauxhall Astra is poised to raise the bar for compact cars sold in the UK, with a combination of stylish design, class-leading dynamics, ultra-efficient powertrains and upscale quality.

Upmarket design, quality materials and clever packaging define new Vauxhall Astra's cabin
Echoing the flowing forms of its bodywork, the new Vauxhall Astra's interior marks a major shift towards premium design and quality in the compact sector. It employs the recurring wing and blade motifs that were first introduced in the Insignia and are now used in a fresh and innovative way.

Ambient lighting enhances the feeling of quality in the cabin, with lighting points framing the gearshift surround, the area above the centre console and within the door handle recesses, depending on trim level.
Unparalleled in this sector is the Astra's raft of clever cabin storage solutions, some of which have even been patented. Rather than focusing on the compartment size alone, the Astra's cabin is full of bespoke storage areas designed specifically for the 20 most common items buyers have been found to carry in their car, from an MP3 player to a 1.5-litre drinks bottle.

Efficient, yet powerful, Vauxhall Astra's engines are low on CO2 but high on power
The new Vauxhall Astra will be available with a range of eight engines, ranging from 87PS to 180PS, all of which offer impressive efficiency and an overall cut in emissions of 13.3 per cent compared with the previous Astra range.

Diesel engines are expected to represent almost half of all Vauxhall Astra sales, and will range from a 1.7-litre producing 110PS to a 2.0-litre generating 160PS, but will never emit more than 129g/km when fitted with a manual transmission.
Crucially, there will be an important ecoFLEX model, equipped with a 95PS 1.3 CDTi available in Spring 2010. Fitted with this engine, the ecoFLEX will achieve 109g/km, while retaining driveability and refinement.

There will also be five petrol engines available, ranging from an 87PS 1.4-litre to a 180PS 1.6-litre Turbo. Included in this line up will be a new 1.4-litre turbocharged engine, producing 140PS, replacing the 1.8-litre motor used in the previous range. This new powertrain perfectly illustrates Vauxhall's engine downsizing philosophy which provides drivers with all the performance of a larger capacity engine, but with far fewer emissions.

Innovative Watt's link rear axle equals fine dynamics and superior packaging
The new Astra's front and rear tracks have been increased by 56mm and 70mm respectively, while its wheelbase has been increased by 71mm, the cumulative effect being improved handling and ride quality, as well as more space and comfort for occupants.
Continuing Vauxhall's trend for innovation, its engineers have combined the size, weight and efficiency benefits of a compound crank rear axle with a cleverly positioned Watt's link, which helps support lateral forces during cornering.

Complementing this system is a new version of Vauxhall's FlexRide adaptive damping system, which adjusts the suspension character automatically depending on the driver's needs, while also offering three programmable damper settings.
Finally, a core body structure, stiffer than that of the outgoing car, enhances the new Vauxhall Astra's ride and handling still further, while also reducing noise and vibration inside the cabin.

EXTERIOR DESIGN
The next generation Vauxhall Astra brings a new look to the compact class, with its strong coupe-like lines, elegant surfaces and its unique interpretation of Vauxhall's design language.

At 4.42 metres the new Vauxhall Astra grows by some 17 centimetres compared with its predecessor, positioning itself right between the Corsa (4.0 metres) and the Insignia (4.83 metres). The wheelbase increases by 71 millimetres, improving rear passenger space and adding comfort for all occupants.
A slim but low trapezoidal grille incorporating the latest Griffin logo dominates the front of the car, while the familiar blade sculpted into the side panels of the new Astra sweeps upward and visually connects with the side window-line, balancing the car's proportions.

Eagle eye-shaped headlamps, that encompass the prominent wing-shaped daytime running lights, blend with a graceful flowing silhouette that connects the new car's muscular shoulder lines with its distinctive rear hatch area.
The raked A-pillars flow into a diving bonnet-line, leading to narrow headlamp units, housing lights mounted on a dark inner surface, which add depth and a three-dimensional quality. The signature wing graphic on the daylight running lights sits inside sharp, eagle-eye headlamps.

The front indicator lights are now located separately in the front bumper recesses and are accented with chrome, while the neatly shaped repeater units are set into the upper front wings.

New body design sees reappearance of the 'Blade'
A crisply-executed soft shoulder line runs along the side of the body into the sculpted rear light units. Above these, the car's windows on most models are framed by a matt chrome surround, unique in the compact class.

Coupe styling with hatchback functionality
The new Vauxhall Astra's side view hints at a sleek, almost coupé-like look, which belies the Astra's generous passenger accommodation, suitable for five adults.

Viewed from behind, the shoulder line extends along the side of the body into the sculpted rear lights in one, continuous flow. Designers achieved the muscular rear proportions by creating strong rear body shoulders, combined with a wraparound C-panel and tapered rear window.
The tail light units are set apart to accentuate the width of the vehicle's stance, and viewed at night, their double wing graphic creates an instantly recognisable appearance. This is enhanced by an upper rear spoiler, which also serves to improve the car's aerodynamics.



INTERIOR DESIGN
Echoing the flowing forms of its bodywork, the new Astra's interior marks a major shift towards premium design and quality in the UK's compact sector, and continues Vauxhall's design evolution which started five years ago with the previous Astra, followed by a further step-change last year with the launch of the Insignia.

The Vauxhall Astra's interior employs the recurring wing and blade motifs that were first introduced in the Insignia and are now used in a fresh and innovative way. The blade theme is expressed in details like the gooseneck shape of the door grab handles and the trim for the gearshift moulding and steering wheel.

Storage and packaging
Using feedback from a customer survey, the interior team first compiled a list of the 20 most common items stored in cars: pens, coins, a flashlight, a road atlas, a parking disc, sunglasses, a wallet, paper tissues, a mobile phone, CDs, sweets, cups, magazines, newspapers, fruit, a first aid kit, a jacket, a 1.5/1.0/0.5-litre drinks bottle. And, of course, gloves.

Next, they noted where owners wanted to keep the items and looked for practical solutions. They found that car companies tended to focus on storage size alone, and that led to irritating problems, such as CDs being stored in the centre console, preventing the arm rest from being fully dropped down.

This painstaking attention to detail has resulted in a variety of simple, but effective storage solutions. A hard-shelled sunglass case has been inserted above the door opening on the driver's side; coin slots and pen holders are moulded into the inside edge of the glove box lid; and the glove box itself has two removable compartments, while a second mini-glove box has been added just below the light switch.

Further storage innovation appears in the centre console, which can accommodate nine CD cases, as well as having a small storage area and an insert for two cup holders. There's also the option of an under-seat drawer beneath the passenger seat which is big enough to hold a pair of shoes. Rear passengers also benefit, with a 12-volt connection available for MP3 players, in addition to space for drinks bottles.

The new Vauxhall Astra's boot also came under close scrutiny. A recess was created in the side of the boot to accept either a first aid kit or warning triangle, while a patented FlexFloor was devised to offer further under-floor storage, while the floor itself can be fixed at different heights.
And those gloves? According to the survey, most owners don't keep them in the glovebox at all. They usually get thrown in the door's side pocket, next to the ice scraper.

Materials and quality
The quality of the materials used in the new Vauxhall Astra can be seen in areas like the grained surfaces, the textured panels, the chrome trim elements and the feel and operation of the buttons and switches. In addition, all the Astra's main surfaces are textured with upscale materials and top grains to give a strong, premium feel.

POWERTRAINS
Boasting an eight-engine line-up from launch, the new Vauxhall Astra range will be on average 13.3 per cent cleaner and more economical than that of its predecessor, without denting the performance of any specific models. A ninth engine will be available in Spring 2010 and will power the first ecoFLEX model in the range, its 1.3 CDTi engine producing 95PS and achieving combined emissions of just 109g/km.

Downsizing has been key to achieving lower emissions and fuel consumption, while a clear focus on high specific outputs and low-end torque values have ensured that strong performance is retained across the range.
The new 1.4-litre Turbo is a perfect example of this philosophy, producing 140PS and 139g/km combined C02 emissions, compared with the outgoing 1.8-litre engine, which produces the same power but with an extra 33g/km.

Sitting below the 1.4 Turbo in the petrol engine range are two normally aspirated 1.4-litre units producing 87 and 100PS respectively. Complementing these engines are two 1.6s: an un-blown unit with 115PS and a turbocharged version with 180PS.

The CDTi diesel line-up includes two 1.7-litre engines and one 2.0-litre unit, all of which feature common rail with multiple fuel injection and are equipped with particulate filters (DPFs). These range in power from 110PS for the lowest power 1.7 CDTi to 160PS for the 2.0 CDTi.
All Vauxhall Astra engines meet Euro 5 emissions standards and each of the four-cylinder units is mounted transversely and features an aluminium cylinder head, with dual overhead camshafts operating four valves per cylinder.

DRIVING DYNAMICS
The new Vauxhall Astra will not only feature a longer wheelbase and wider tracks for improved stability and ride comfort, but also a rear suspension system combining a compound crank with a Watt's link - the first of its type in the world - that is set to offer drivers class-leading handling and ride comfort.
The Astra's front and rear tracks have been increased by 56mm and 70mm respectively, while its wheelbase has been increased by 71mm, the cumulative effect being improved handling and ride quality, as well as more space and comfort for occupants.

Illustrating Vauxhall's commitment to developing its cars specifically for British roads and drivers, the new Vauxhall Astra has bespoke steering UK settings developed in conjunction with the Vauxhall Engineering Centre, based at GM's Millbrook Proving Ground in Bedfordshire.
And continuing Vauxhall's trend for innovation, its engineers have combined the size, weight and efficiency of its own patented compound crank rear axle layout with a cleverly positioned Watt's link, which supports lateral forces during cornering.

The FlexRide adaptive damping system, first seen in the European Car of the Year-winning Insignia and rare in the compact class, adjusts the suspension character automatically depending on drivers' needs, while also offering three programmable damper settings.

Enhancing this sophisticated system is an increase in the Astra's torsional body stiffness of 43 per cent, and of 10 per cent in bending stiffness, compared with the previous Vauxhall Astra, improving the car's handling and ride quality, as well as making a significant reduction in noise, vibration and harshness (NVH).

Advanced front suspension design and clever Watt's link at rear for superb dynamics
The Astra's new suspension layout combines MacPherson strut front suspension with a clever, newly developed compound crank rear axle with a Watt's link.
Front suspension is by MacPherson strut, with de-coupled top mountings that separate the paths of spring and damper loadings. To reduce unsprung weight and improve weight distribution, the combined strut carrier and the lower control arm are made from aluminium and the anti-roll bar is formed from hollow-section steel.

For optimum stability, the L-shaped control arm is attached through two bushings to the front sub-frame. The suspension geometry, and the tuning of the bushes, is designed to provide both lateral stiffness and longitudinal compliance for excellent handling and good ride comfort. The rearmost bushing of the L-arm is also hydraulically damped for excellent road isolation.

The Vauxhall Astra's unique compound crank/Watt's link rear suspension system has many advantages over a multi-link design, including improved packaging, greater wheel camber stiffness and less lower suspension friction. It also creates less camber loss due to body roll, while the Watt's link ensures that lateral stability is maintained.

The torsion beam of the patented compound crank axle is attached between the trailing links, about half way between the axle bush and the rear wheel. The open, U-shaped profile between the attachment points has now been lengthened and the wall thickness generally increased to provide more roll stiffness. In addition, beams with different wall thicknesses are fitted to give the required roll-steer characteristics.

The Watt's link is carried on a small cross-member attached to the underside of the car, just behind the rear wheel centre line. It comprises a short, pivoting centre link with a ball joint at each end, to which the lateral links from the wheels are bolted.

In a straight line, the set up ensures excellent stability, but during cornering it minimizes lateral deflection in the same way a modern multi-link system would do. Vauxhall's engineers estimate that the new linkage absorbs around 80 per cent of all lateral loadings on the rear suspension. In addition, the Watt's link reduces axle bush loads to allow softer bushings, which further isolate occupants from road noise and vibration.

Bespoke UK steering settings to cater for Britain's unique road infrastructure
Right from the start of the Astra's development, Vauxhall's UK engineering arm recognized that the car needed to fulfill the very specific needs of British drivers travelling on the kind of road surfaces that are not replicated anywhere else in Europe.

Connection, Assistance, Responsiveness, Isolation, and Smoothness were cited as the key fundamentals in the Astra's steering DNA, and after exhaustive testing on the notoriously demanding roads around GM's Millbrook Proving Ground in Bedfordshire, Vauxall has produced a system which provides acceptable assistance levels for a broad spectrum of drivers, while ensuring that the driver feels connected with the road at all times.

The Vauxhall Astra uses a rack and pinion steering system with speed sensitive assistance. But in order to provide drivers with more steering feedback, the system's electric motor is mounted directly on the steering rack, as opposed to the base of the steering column.

The key benefits of using an electric power steering (EPS) are well known. At low speeds, the level of power assistance is increased to minimize steering effort. At higher speeds, assistance is automatically reduced to ensure a high degree of steering feel for the driver. The second important benefit is that because it does not require an energy consuming pump, and responds directly to the amount of power needed at any speeds, fuel consumption is also reduced.

FlexRide system makes welcome return
First seen in the Insignia, and a rarity in this sector, FlexRide offers the driver three settings - Standard, Sport and Tour - while being fully and continually adaptive to changes in driving style and cornering speed. The system is offered as an option on SE, Elite and SRi models with all engines, except the normally-aspirated 1.4-litre petrol unit.

FlexRide provides electronic control on all four dampers and continuously adapts their settings within milliseconds, according to the prevailing road conditions, vehicle movements and individual driving styles, thereby enhancing driver safety.
In addition, FlexRide offers three settings that the driver can programme via dashboard buttons. In Standard mode, FlexRide continuously adapts to all driving conditions, but drivers can also opt for either Tour or Sport settings, too.
Tour mode relaxes the damper settings for a more comfortable ride and also reduces the steering effort, benefiting drivers on long journeys.

Sport mode offers a more connected driving experience: the dampers stiffen; the steering sharpens and the electronic throttle offers a swifter pedal response. To underline this effect, the instrument panel illumination changes from white to red, and if fitted, the Adaptive Forward Lighting system reacts even more quickly. Cars fitted with automatic transmission also have higher change-up points.
As a further refinement, Sport mode includes a customisation menu, where the driver can de-select the damper and steering-assistance elements.

The electronic brain behind FlexRide is the Driving Mode Control module. Using vehicle dynamics information, the DMC constantly monitors driving style and conditions, including acceleration, braking and cornering to optimise the chassis' behaviour.
Apart from a more rewarding driving experience, the FlexRide system offers safety benefits in emergency situations. For an avoidance manoeuvre in Tour mode, for example, chassis sensors convey this information to the DMC and the dampers are stiffened within a millisecond to provide maximum stability.

Electronic Parking Brake (EPB)
This easy-to-use function, which is standard on all SE, Elite and SRi models, replaces the conventional mechanical handbrake. As well as providing added convenience, the EPB also frees up valuable additional storage space in the centre console.

Instead of pulling a handbrake lever, the driver simply pulls a switch located near the gearshift. This sends an electrical signal to actuators in the rear brake calipers. The EPB can secure the car on gradients as steep as 30 per cent and is automatically disengaged when the vehicle moves off.
The EPB is combined with Hill Start Assist (HSA), which helps minimize downhill movement of the car when taking off on an uphill slope. HSA briefly maintains pressure at all four brakes to minimize the possibility of vehicle movement when the driver steps from the brake to accelerator pedal while engaging the clutch.

Braking system: Two systems depending on the performance level
The dual-circuit braking system features two brake disc combinations. The "15-inch" specification uses 276 mm ventilated front discs and 268 mm solid rear discs, clamped by single piston calipers. The "16-inch" version has 300 mm ventilated front discs and 292 mm solid rear discs with single piston calipers.

The four channel ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) is fitted as standard, together with the Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD), which ensures that optimal braking force is applied on both axles for maximum stability under heavy breaking.

The Electronic Stability Control (ESC) including Traction Control (TC) is also fitted as standard across the range offering a high level of active safety. The ESC yaw sensor in the centre of the car detects movement around the vertical axis, and a sensor on the steering column measures the steering angle being applied. Inputs from these sources are then correlated with the speed of the car. The system is programmed to execute whatever actions will most effectively prevent the onset of a loss of control. Depending upon the driving situation, it is possible for braking to be applied via the ESC system to one, two or three wheels at once, or, if necessary, the electronic throttle opening is also reduced.

Other braking functions under ESC direction are:
    * Cornering Brake Control (CBC) is activated when the car is braking while cornering. Brake pressure is individually varied between all four wheels in order to keep the car perfectly stable.
    * Cornering Torque Control (CTC) prevents the inner wheel from slipping when cornering under acceleration. If wheel speed sensors detect the onset of any slippage, the inner wheel is slowed by applying brake pressure, thereby minimising any understeer tendency. As soon as grip is restored, the braking pressure is released.
    * Electronic Drag Torque Control (EDC) prevents loss of grip if the driver steps off the throttle or downshifts too quickly.
    * Brake Assist System (BAS) is designed to provide the driver with additional braking assistance in an emergency situation.
    * Hydraulic Brake Fade Assist (HBFA) automatically raises braking pressure to compensate for brake fade under repeated applications of heavy braking.
    * Trailer Stability Assist (TSA) is active when a Vauxhall-approved towing hitch is fitted. TSC counters any vehicle instability that may occur when towing a trailer or caravan by reducing the engine torque and applying brake pressure to selected wheels. ESC engages TSC when any oscillation from the attached trailer is transferred over the hitch point to the vehicle and detected as sufficient to cause instability.

SAFETY, INNOVATION & EQUIPMENT
Vauxhall has played a pioneering role in automotive lighting technology in recent years and its Adaptive Forward Lighting (AFL+) is now in its third generation. However, the new Vauxhall Astra will be the first compact class Vauxhall to adopt this (optional) feature, illustrating the premium nature of the car, albeit at Vauxhall's traditional value price point.

With multi-xenon headlamps, AFL+ can be specified on all new Astras, except S and Exclusiv models, as part of a Premium Forward Lighting Pack. This also includes High Beam Assist, automatic headlight-beam switching, LED daytime running lights and headlamp washers.

AFL+ includes two new functions - Town Light and Adverse Weather Light - and two improved functions - Highway Light and Country Road Light. There are a total of nine functions, each automatically engaged to suit prevailing road profiles and driving conditions:
    * Dynamic Curve Light - Illuminates surface around bends; linked with Sport switch in FlexRide
    * Country Road Light - Provides brighter and wider illumination of both sides of the road
    * Static Cornering Light - Illuminates area up to 90 degrees to the left and right of car to aid low speed manoeuvres
    * Highway Light - Automatically engages at over 60mph to provide a more intense and higher-level main beam
    * Town Light - Operates between 20 and 35mph to provide a broader, less intense beam to help drivers see pedestrians at either side of the road
    * Pedestrian Area Light - Activated at speeds up to 20mph in areas where drivers must exercise extreme caution, such as pedestrian areas
    * Adverse Weather Light - Activated during rain or snow, the left headlamp increases in intensity to pick out lane markers, while the right beam intensity reduces from 35 to 32 Watt's to avoid blinding oncoming drivers
    * High Beam Light - Provides maximum headlight beam and range, with output increasing from 35 to 38 Watt's
    * Automatic headlight beam switching - senses the headlights from oncoming cars and activates dipped/full beam accordingly

Occupant safety
Occupant safety has played a major role in the new Vauxhall Astra's development, and a comprehensive set of active and passive safety systems are standard an all models.
All Vauxhall Astra variants are fitted with dual-front seat belt pre-tensioners, which provide over the shoulder and across the occupant's lap. They are pyrotechnically activated to restrain forward body movement in the event of a severe impact.

Other standard safety equipment includes two front airbags, two side airbags and a pair of roof rail-mounted airbags that cover the entire glass area between the A- and C-pillars. Three, three-point seatbelts are provided for rear seat passengers, and the front passenger-side airbag can be de-activated if the seat is occupied by a rear-facing child seat.

Whenever the airbags and pre-tensioners are deployed, a series of additional safety features is activated: the hazard warning lights come on; all doors unlock; the interior lights illuminate; and the heating/ventilation fan and fuel pump are both switched off.
The latest generation active head restraints, developed from those on the Insignia, are fitted as standard to all models, and provide enhanced protection from whiplash injuries if the car suffers a rear-end impact.

Other occupant safety features include:
    * Seatbelt reminder - with audible warning. Operates on all five seating positions
    * Front seat frames - with ramps to restrict occupant movement in a frontal impact
    * Enhanced Pedal Release System (PRS) - in heavy frontal impacts, clutch and brake pedals are de-coupled to prevent foot and lower leg injuries
    * ISOFIX child seat mounts for the outer rear seats, plus seatback-mounted top tether brackets for all rear seating positions
    * Height-adjustable rear head restraints (optional for centre position)
    * Adaptive brake lights - warn drivers behind by pulsing five times per second if the ABS is engaged above 20mph.

Seat Technology
Vauxhall's target was to produce best-in-class seating for the new Astra, with special attention paid to comfort, position, range and protection during an accident.
The front seats offer the industry's best range of adjustment, with fore and aft movement extending to 280mm. The driver's seat is also adjustable for height by up to 65mm and the steering wheel can also be adjusted for reach and rake, ensuring that drivers of virtually all shapes and sizes will feel comfortable and in control.

Apart from excellent comfort and support, the new Vauxhall Astra's seats also provide a high level of safety, featuring the latest generation of active head restraints which offer protection against whiplash injuries. High strength steel in the seat frames increases rigidity, but reduces weight, saving up to three kilograms per car.

Shields in the front backrests provide protection against objects from the luggage compartment flying through the cabin, especially if the rear seat is folded down during a rear impact.
The Ergonomic Sports Seats are offered as an option across all trim levels, with either manual or powered lumbar support. The driver's seat features a six-way adjustment, a four-way adjustment of the lumbar support and an extendable seat cushion.

On SE and SRi models, the Ergonomic Sports Seats are available in leather, together with heating for the front seats. On Elite models, both these features are standard.

Flex-Fix integrated bike carrier
A unique feature in the sector is Vauxhall's innovative Flex-Fix bike carrier, which will be available as an option across the new Astra range in the near future.
The system, which is integrated with the car's rear bumper, makes transporting bikes easy and convenient, while eliminating the need to fit a rack on the car's tow hitch, or lift bikes on to a roof rack.

The FlexFix carrier can accommodate up to two bikes and slides out from the rear bumper like a drawer when a release lever near the boot's lip is pulled. Maximum weight capacity is 40kgs, and it can accept bikes with wheel sizes up to 28 inches. No fixing tools or special parts are required and, when not in use, FlexFix is pushed back to stow almost invisibly behind the bumper.

Zenvo ST1, 2010

Zenvo ST1, 2010

 

 

 

The Zenvo ST1 is designed to express the excessive power and performance of the car.
The design brief from the Zenvo creators to the designers at hermann & brandt design consultancy was to design a supercar that looked like no other supercar. The design had to be aggressive mixing supercar styling with race car elements.

The design of the Zenvo ST1 is made from free flowing accelerating lines creating the shape of the wheel arches, the roof line, side line and the lower side air intake. The sharp lines are connected by muscular organic surfacing creating dramatic reflections. Contrasting the general surfacing the design features a race car inspired lower carbon splitter.

The front of the Zenvo ST1 is designed around the hexagonal trademark Zenvo grille flanked by the large front air intakes used for brakes and engine cooling. The intakes are raked back to minimize drag and at the same time making the side impression of the car more compact.
The theme of the front is repeated in the rear which is designed around the big diffuser necessary for high speed stability. As on the front the center volume is flanked by large air exits extracting hot engine air as well as housing the exhaust and rear lights.

The rear spoiler mandatory for a car capable of extreme high speeds is partly integrated in the rear wing. It has a unique aerodynamic design following the raked shape of the rear end.

Technical Specifications
    * Max. power: 1104 hp (810 kW) at 6900 rpm
    * Max. torque: 1430Nm at 4500 rpm
    * Top speed: 375 km/h (electronically controlled)
    * Acceleration 0-100 km/h: 3.0 s
    * Dimension
          o Overall length: 4665 mm
          o Overall width, without mirrors: 2041 mm
          o Overall height: 1198 mm
          o Wheelbase: 3055 mm
          o Weight: 1376 kg
          o Headroom front: 1002 mm
          o Legroom front: 1104 mm
          o Shoulderroom front: 1398 mm
          o Cargo volume: 130 l
          o Fuel tank volume: 69 l

Aston Martin One-77, 2010

Aston Martin One-77, 2010

 

Aston Martin One-77 technical showcase made its debut the Geneva Auto Salon on 3 March 2009. Chassis no.1 was on display as an exposé throughout the show detailing the quintessence of Aston Martin engineering and design expertise.

The One-77 is Aston Martin's definitive sports car, one that epitomises everything Aston Martin from technology, the hand-craftsmanship of the hand rolled aluminium panels to the attention to detail. A culmination of all the marque's know-how, the Aston Martin One-77 delivers effortless beauty guaranteed to stir the senses with performance potential eclipsing any previous Aston Martin.

With the performance and durability phase of the Aston Martin One-77's intensive development programme soon to commence, the 79th Geneva Auto Salon provides the perfect stage on which to reveal the remarkable engineering, advanced technology and exotic materials that lie beneath the Aston Martin One-77's extraordinary exterior.

For Aston Martin's Chief Executive, Dr Ulrich Bez, revealing the Aston Martin One-77's secrets is a proud moment: "Right from the very beginning of the project the vision for Aston Martin One-77 was very simple: It had to combine high-technology with hand-built craftsmanship, and demonstrate the unique capabilities and passion of our designers, engineers and technical partners.

Consequently the Aston Martin One-77's structural core is a lightweight and immensely rigid carbon fibre monocoque. Conceived and designed at Aston Martin's Gaydon HQ, the monocoque, or 'tub', has been built in partnership with Multimatic (MTC). As world leaders in carbon composite technology, advanced vehicle analysis and dynamic simulation, MTC brings unrivalled specialist capabilities to the exacting challenge of the Aston Martin One-77 programme.

Employing the classic formula of double wishbones at each corner, the Aston Martin One-77 features inboard suspension front and rear, with pushrods employed to transfer vertical suspension movements to the horizontally mounted spring/damper units. A practice taken directly from racing car design, the main advantages of inboard suspension are a reduction in unsprung weight and the ability to package the suspension components more effectively.

The dampers are fully adjustable and feature advanced Dynamic Suspension Spool Valve (DSSV) technology; a world-first for a road car application. These special valves are state-of-the-art even at the highest levels of motorsport, and use high-precision machined components to enable the shock-absorbing characteristics of the damper to be changed without having to remove them from the car, as is the norm.

Underlining the truly bespoke nature of the Aston Martin One-77, once delivered to its owner, the car's suspension characteristics will be precisely set-up by Aston Martin engineers to suit their exact requirements, from settings suitable for the ultimate long-distance GT, to a machine capable of conquering the Nürburgring Nordschleife.

While functionality and efficiency are paramount in the design and construction of the Aston Martin One-77, so too is aesthetic beauty. To this end every single component has been crafted from the finest materials with absolute attention to detail. From the mesmerising weave of the glossy carbon fibre tub and the abstract, sculptural beauty of the dry sump's oil reservoir, to the unerring precision of the billet machined aluminium suspension mounts, the Aston Martin One-77's rolling chassis is an automotive masterpiece.

Of course the irony is that the vast majority of these exquisite components will be hidden from view in the finished car, yet each and every piece is a work of art in its own right. It's this extraordinary workmanship and money-no-object commitment to quality that makes the Aston Martin One-77 unique.

Naturally, such a spectacular chassis demands - and gets - an equally exceptional drivetrain. It comes in the form of an immensely potent 7.3-litre, naturally aspirated V12 engine. Thanks to the adoption of a dry-sump oil system the engine is mounted 100mm lower than in any previous V12-engined Aston Martin road car, which helps keep the Aston Martin One-77's centre-of-gravity as low as possible. To further aid agility and endow the Aston Martin One-77 with progressive handling and stable, predictable on-limit behaviour, the engine is also mounted 257mm aft relative to the front wheel centreline. In so doing the front-mid-engined layout shared by all of Aston Martin's current road car range has been taken to a new level.

The Aston Martin One-77's magnificent power unit is an extreme evolution of the 6.0-litre V12 engines fitted to the Aston Martin DBS, DB9 and new V12 Vantage models. Like the collaboration with MTC for the build of the chassis, Aston Martin has chosen a world-leading partner with which to develop the motor: legendary engine builders, Cosworth. It has proved to be the perfect collaboration, as Chris Porritt explains.

Wearing Pirelli P Zero Corsa tyres (255/35 ZR20 front, 335/30 ZR20 rear) developed specifically for the Aston Martin One-77, all 700+bhp is transmitted to the road through the rear wheels via a new six-speed gearbox. Controlled via column-mounted paddles behind the steering wheel, this robotised sequential manual is a new generation of Aston Martin's familiar transmission. Though it is made specifically for the Aston Martin One-77 and features specially strengthened internals to cope with the tremendous power and torque, the lessons learned in its development will ultimately find their way into the company's series production models.

It's a mark of the inherent capabilities of Aston Martin's acclaimed lightweight Carbon Ceramic Matrix brake technology that it has been used as the basis for the Aston Martin One-77's braking system. The internals of the callipers have been re-engineered to transmit less heat from the brake pads into the brake fluid, while the discs themselves have been developed to ensure the maximum possible contact area between the face of the disc and the brake pads for improved stopping power. Due to the Aston Martin One-77's increased performance, special attention has also been paid to brake cooling, as the brakes have less time to cool between bursts of acceleration.

With a projected weight of 1,500kg the Aston Martin One-77 will occupy the very highest echelons of road car performance. Top speed is confidently predicted to be in excess of 200mph, with a 0-60mph time in approximately 3.5sec. Perhaps more importantly, thanks to the purity of a front-engined, rear-drive layout, the responsiveness and immense tractability of a naturally aspirated V12 and the low mass, high-rigidity properties of a carbon fibre chassis, the Aston Martin One-77 promises a driving experience of unrivalled intensity and excitement while representing the world's most desirable automotive art form.

Aston Martin DBS Volante, 2010

Aston Martin DBS Volante, 2010

 

 

 

Aston Martin DBS Volante makes its debut at the 2009 Geneva Auto Salon. Completing the Aston Martin DBS line-up, the new Volante will afford customers the combination of the DBS's already-established benchmark sports car characteristics with all the thrills of open-air motoring.

Broadening the DBS's character, the Aston Martin DBS Volante will appeal to drivers who wish to combine the excitement of driving a finely-tuned sports car with the invigorating feeling of being open to the elements. This juxtaposition of ultimate performance and openness stirs the senses on any drive whether an exhilarating jaunt on favoured roads or cruising on lengthy journeys. 'Volante', meaning 'moving with light rapidity', perfectly defines the performance potential and the dynamic characteristics of the Aston Martin DBS Volante.

Featuring a motorised retractable fabric roof, the DBS's beautiful profile is preserved whether up or down. When the roof is closed, it provides a warm comfortable ambience and when open, it neatly disappears behind the new tonneau cover at the touch of a button.
Aston Martin's Chief Executive Officer, Dr Ulrich Bez said: "The Aston Martin DBS Volante delivers the utmost relaxed driving experience with the hood up or down. It combines engineering excellence with design perfection.

Conceived as a Volante from the outset, Aston Martin engineers opted for a fabric hood to closely follow the silhouette of the DBS coupe and due to its lightweight properties, minimise overall weight gain. Fully retractable in only 14 seconds and at up to speeds of 30 mph (48 km/h), the roof will automatically stow under the newly sculpted tonneau, maintaining the Aston Martin DBS Volante's perfect form - hood up or down.

Power is provided by Aston Martin's hand-built all alloy 6.0-litre V12 engine producing 510 bhp (380 kW / 517 PS), and 570 Nm (420 lb ft) of torque with a top speed of 191 mph (307 km/h) and 0-62 mph (0-100 km/h) time of 4.3 seconds. The nature of the V12, and in particular the torque available at all engine speeds, serves to provide effortless driving in all situations.

Aston Martin's 16th convertible in 95 years, the Aston Martin DBS Volante draws on the marque's extensive experience in designing iconic 'Volantes' and is a 2+2 featuring two occasional rear seats, ideal for young people or extra luggage. In standard specification, the DBS has a rear-mounted six-speed manual gearbox, while an automatic six-speed 'Touchtronic' option is also available. As with the coupe, the Volante is offered with carbon ceramic brakes as standard providing exceptional stopping power. Benefitting from materials derived from the motorsport and aerospace industries, the bonnet, front wings and boot lid are made from carbon fibre all helping to reduce weight.

The Aston Martin DBS Volante also comes with Bang & Olufsen's renowned 'BeoSound DBS' in-car entertainment system, featuring 13 speakers as standard equipment. The BeoSound DBS has been expertly tuned by Bang & Olufsen's Tonmeisters and Aston Martin's acoustic engineers specifically for the Volante resulting in a system that senses when the roof has been retracted and adjusts the sound stage to compensate for extra wind noise, providing an unrivalled automotive audio experience.

Design
Although the DBS was originally conceived as a two-seater sports GT, the potential for a Volante version was always in the minds of the design team. Holding a purposeful stance, the muscular shapes and forms of the DBS have been retained exuding confidence.

Aston Martin's 16th convertible, learning taken from the engineering of previous soft-top cars has resulted in the Aston Martin DBS Volante possessing Aston Martin's quietest and most refined roof system to date. When raised, the fabric roof is insulated with a layer of Thinsulate® material relieving cabin noise and protecting the inhabitants from the elements. The hydraulic pump has been cocooned in a noise and vibration enclosure reducing noise when raising and lowering the hood.

The newly choreographed hood has resulted in an opening time of only 14 seconds due to a new five-piston hydraulic pump. The roof effortlessly stows below the newly-sculpted tonneau cover which has been redesigned to enhance the muscular attributes of the Aston Martin DBS Volante. Housing the Roll-Over-Protection-System (ROPS) which deploys two roll bars in the event of the car rolling over, the rear humps lead your eye to the new carbon fibre deck lid which has been re-styled for the Aston Martin DBS Volante. Particular to the DBS, a line flows from the leading edge of the bonnet past the elegantly sloped windscreen flowing into the carbon fibre deck lid and to the rear boot 'flip'.

As with the DBS Coupe, the bonnet, front wings and boot lid are formed from carbon fibre. Preventing the weave protruding the paint finish, Aston Martin employs a patented 'surface veil' technology applying a 200 micron thick layer of epoxy glue to the carbon fibre, before the application of seven layers of paint producing a class A level of finish.

The interior of the DBS represents the epitome of Aston Martin's commitment to using materials honestly, without disguise or embellishment. Lightweight materials are used throughout to save weight; door pulls are made from carbon fibre, for example, and the carpet has been woven with lighter fibres to save valuable kilograms.

Delivered as standard with Bang & Olufsen's BeoSound DBS audio system and seamlessly integrated into the Aston Martin DBS Volante's bespoke interior, the system provides the driver and passengers with an unrivalled audio experience. Consisting of 13 individual speakers and Bang & Olufsen's unique Digital Signal Processing system, the system transforms the Aston Martin DBS Volante into an acoustically sophisticated venue, capable of conveying subtle and striking musical dynamics from every source. The BeoSound DBS has been specifically revised for the Aston Martin DBS Volante and senses when the roof is up or retracted and adjusts the sound stage to compensate for wind noise and change in acoustics.

The Bang & Olufsen BeoSound DBS system has been developed exclusively for Aston Martin. The system is acoustically and physically matched to the Aston Martin DBS Volante, with a design that follows the inherent quality and material honesty of the Aston Martin interior. The loudspeaker grilles are finished with smoothly contoured aluminium so as to integrate seamlessly with the fluid lines and curves of the cabin. When the system is turned on, the twin acoustic lens speakers emerge silently and swiftly, adding a touch of theatre and technological panache that is the perfect complement to the Aston Martin DBS Volante.

As with the coupe, the Volante affords customers the prospect of specifying the optional 10-spoke 20" forged aluminium lightweight wheel with diamond-turned surface - available in either silver or graphite finishes. With an overall unsprung mass reduction of 8 kg, the option aids enhanced handling, improved acceleration, and braking performance.

Performance
The need for high-performance stability, handling ability and low kerb weight defined the DBS's form and construction. The Aston Martin DBS Volante is powered by the same 6.0-litre V12 engine at the heart of the DBS which was launched in 2007. Producing 510 bhp (517 PS / 380 kW), peak power is delivered at 6500 rpm and the 570 Nm (420 lb ft) of torque is delivered at 5750 rpm. Tractable at any time, the DBS possesses a 'flat' torque curve providing 85% of the torque from 1500 rpm.

The 3.71:1 (manual) and 3.46:1 (Touchtronic) final drive ratio assures that all the Aston Martin DBS Volante's power is useable, while also enhancing in-gear acceleration.
Adding to the sonorous V12 enhances the aural soundtrack. Special by-pass valves in the exhaust allow a quieter exhaust note at low speeds; at 4000 rpm these open to reduce the pressure in the exhaust system, raising the power output as well as generating a rousing aural accompaniment.

The Aston Martin DBS Volante is available as standard with a rear-mounted 6-speed manual gearbox with gear ratios optimised to extract the very best from the 6.0-litre engine. Providing customers with even greater personalisation capabilities, a 'Touchtronic' 6- speed automatic featuring a torque converter is also available as an option.

Derived from the same ZF transaxle unit that was developed for the Aston Martin DB9, the system has been substantially re-engineered to accommodate the power and performance characteristics of the DBS.

System functionality is consistent with that on the DB9, with 'Park', 'Reverse', 'Neutral' and 'Drive' modes selected via facia mounted controls.

When in 'Drive' mode, pulling either of the leather-trimmed magnesium alloy paddles mounted on the steering column will activate Touchtronic mode, enabling the driver to control gear shifts via the paddles. Touchtronic mode is also accessible directly on engine start-up. Alternatively, the 'Drive' mode can be selected at any time by pressing the 'D' control on the centre console, engaging a fully automatic mode which will select the most appropriate gear for the speed and driving conditions automatically.

The system also includes a 'Sport' mode - activated by a button on the centre console - which engages a more aggressive gear shift strategy as gear changes feel sharper and more forceful, engine speed matching on downshifts is more aggressive and in full automatic mode, upshifts occur at higher speeds. The Sport setting also incorporates a more responsive throttle map to match the high-performance characteristics of the Aston Martin DBS Volante.

Control
Contributing to the class-leading levels of rigidity, the VH-platform (Vertical - Horizontal) upon which all Aston Martins are founded, ensures a dynamically accomplished convertible translating into an exciting and communicative chassis. The VH architecture is a bonded aluminium structure that provides outstanding strength and rigidity. In comparison to its coupe sibling, the Volante retains 75% of the rigidity equating to 20kNm per degree. This has been achieved by rigidly mounting the rear sub frame and optimising the front and rear shear panels. Working together these components contribute to more than 20% of the total torsional rigidity.

The damper settings are determined by an electronic control unit which takes sensor readings from the car's systems, including throttle position, brake position, steering wheel rotation and vehicle speed. This data establishes the prevailing driving conditions and the demands the driver is making on the car.

The Aston Martin DBS Volante's Adaptive Damping System perfectly captures the car's sporting character, ensuring that stiffer dampers are available for better handling and control when the car is being driven enthusiastically, without compromising ride comfort during 'normal' driving conditions. A designated 'Track' mode automatically sets all dampers to their firmest positions, making it ideal for circuit driving. The DBS Volante is fitted with Pirelli P-Zero tyres that have been developed especially for the car.

The Aston Martin DBS Volante also has a revised Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) system specifically tuned to the Volante to help maintain maximum traction in challenging driving conditions. In default operation, the DSC is automatically on. Select and press the button for two seconds and DSC 'Track' mode is engaged, raising the threshold at which the system intervenes to allow the experienced driver to explore the car's limits. Hold the button for four seconds and DSC is disengaged entirely.

Carbon Ceramic Matrix (CCM) brakes are featured as standard. Providing shorter stopping distances with excellent resistance to fade in even the most demanding driving conditions, the CCM brakes are some 12.5 kg lighter than a conventional system. This results in reducing the overall weight of the car and, in particular, the unsprung weight and rotational masses, further enhancing the Aston Martin DBS Volante's dynamics.

Technical Specification
    * Body
          o Two-door convertible body style with 2+2 seating
          o Bonded aluminium VH structure
          o Aluminium, magnesium alloy and carbon-fibre composite body
          o Extruded aluminium door side-impact beams
          o High Intensity Discharge (HID) headlamps (main beam)
          o LED rear lamps and side repeaters
    * Engine
          o All-alloy, quad overhead camshaft, 48-valve, 5935 cc V12
          o Compression ratio 10.9:1
          o Front-mid mounted engine, rear-wheel drive
          o Fully catalysed stainless steel exhaust system with active bypass valves
          o Max power: 380 kW (510 bhp / 517 PS) @ 6500 rpm
          o Max torque: 570 Nm (420 lb.ft) @ 5750 rpm
    * Performance
          o Acceleration: 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) in 4.3 seconds
          o Max speed: 307 km/h (191 mph)
    * Transmission
          o Rear-mid mounted, six-speed manual gearbox. Rear-mid mounted 'Touchtronic 2' six-speed gearbox with electronic shift-by-wire control system
          o Alloy torque tube with carbon fibre propeller shaft
          o Limited-slip differential
          o Final-drive ratio 3.71:1 (manual) 3.46:1 (Touchtronic)
          o Wheels and Tyres
          o Front: 8.5" x 20" Pirelli P Zero 245/35
          o Rear: 11" x 20" Pirelli P Zero 295/30
    * Steering
          o Rack and pinion, Servotronic speed-sensitive power-assisted steering, 3.0 turns lock-to-lock
          o Column tilt and reach adjustment
    * Suspension
          o Front: Independent double wishbone incorporating anti-dive geometry, coil springs, anti-roll bar and monotube adaptive dampers
          o Rear: Independent double wishbones with anti-squat and anti-lift geometry, coil springs, anti-roll bar and monotube adaptive dampers
          o Adaptive Damping System (ADS) with Track mode
    * Brakes
          o Front: Ventilated carbon ceramic discs, 398 mm diameter with six-piston callipers
          o Rear: Ventilated carbon ceramic discs, 360 mm diameter with four-piston callipers
          o Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) with Track mode
          o Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
          o Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD)
          o Emergency Brake Assist (EBA)
          o Traction control
    * Dimensions
          o Length: 4721 mm (185.9")
          o Wheelbase: 2740 mm (107.9")
          o Width:
                + 1905 mm (75") (exc. Mirrors)
                + 2060 mm (81.1") (inc. Mirrors)
          o Fuel tank capacity: 78 litres (17.2 Imp.galls, 20.5 US galls)
          o Height: 1280 mm (50.4")
          o Weight: 1810 kg

Equipement

    * Interior
          o Full grain leather interior
          o Matrix alloy facia trim and Iridium Silver centre console surround
          o Carbon fibre door trims and door pulls
          o Auto-dimming rear-view mirror & garage door opener (USA & Canada only)
          o Sports seats with electric adjustment
          o Memory seats & exterior mirrors (three positions)
          o Dual-stage driver/passenger front airbags
          o Side airbags
          o Heated seats
          o Heated rear screen
          o Automatic temperature control
          o Organic Electroluminescent (OEL) displays
          o Trip computer
          o LED map lights
          o Cruise control
          o Hard Disk Drive (HDD) satellite navigation system
          o Bluetooth telephone preparation
          o Powerfold exterior mirrors
          o Front and rear parking sensors
          o Tyre-pressure monitoring
          o Alarm and immobiliser
          o Remote-control central door locking and boot release
          o Wind deflector
          o Battery disconnect switch
          o Battery conditioner
          o Tracking device (UK only)
          o Boot-mounted umbrella
          o Lamy pen and pen holder (Touchtronic only)
    * In-Car Entertainment
          o Bang & Olufsen BeoSound DBS sound system
          o Integrated Apple iPod® connector
          o USB connector with Waveform Audio Format (WAF), Windows Media Player (WMA) and MPEG (MP3) audio file compatibility
          o 3.5 mm auxiliary input socket
    * Options
          o 20" 20-spoke alloy wheels with graphite finish
          o 20" 10-spoke diamond-turned alloy wheels
          o 20" 10-spoke diamond-turned alloy wheels with graphite finish
          o Satellite radio system (USA only)
          o Piano Black facia trim and centre console surround
          o Personalised sill plaques
          o Auto-dimming interior rear-view mirror
          o Auto-dimming interior rear-view mirror with garage door opener (Europe only)
          o Alarm upgrade (volumetric and tilt sensor)
          o Tracking device
          o First-aid kit
          o Ashtray and cigar lighter